垂直于双材料界面的Ⅰ型裂纹尖端理论研究

对正交各向异性双材料中含有一个与材料界面垂直的裂纹尖端应力场问题进行了理论研究.通过傅里叶积分变换给出了裂纹尖端问题的位移、应力场的形式解.引入辅助函数并利用相应的边界条件,将问题转化为含有Cauchy核的第一类奇异积分方程,并给出了求解的具体方法。     

Multi-scale modeling of the effective chloride ion diffusion coefficient in cement-based composite materials

N-layered spherical inclusions model was used to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of chloride ion in cement-based materials by using multi-scale method and then to investigate the relationship between the diffusivity and the microstructure of cement-basted materials where the microstructure included the interfacial transition zone（ITZ）between the aggregates and the bulk cement pastes as well as the microstructure of the bulk cement paste itself.For the convenience of applications,the mortar and concrete were considered as a four-phase spherical model,consisting of cement continuous phase,dispersed aggregates phase,interface transition zone and their homogenized effective medium phase.A general effective medium equation was established to calculate the diffusion coefficient of the hardened cement paste by considering the microstructure.During calculation,the tortuosity（n）and constrictivity factors（D_s/D₀）of pore in the hardened pastes are n≈3.2,D_s/D₀=1.0×10^-4respectively from the test data.The calculated results using the n-layered spherical inclusions model are in good agreement with the experimental results;The effective diffusion coefficient of ITZ is 12 times that of the bulk cement for mortar and 17 times for concrete due to the difference between particle size distribution and the volume fraction of aggregates in mortar and concrete.     

Synthesis and characterization of Li1.05Co0.3Ni0.35Mn0.3M0.05O2 (M=Ge,Sn)cathode materials for lithium ion battery

In order to improve the electrochemical performance and thermal stability of Li_1.05Co_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ materials,Li_1.05Co_0.3Ni_0.35Mn_0.3M_0.05O₂（M=Ge,Sn）cathode materials were synthesized via co-precipitation method.The structure,electrochemical performance and thermal stability were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD）,charge/discharge cycling,cyclic voltammetry（CV）,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS）and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）.ESEM showed that Sn-doped and Ge-doped slightly increased the size of grains.XRD and CV showed that Sn-doped and Ge-doped powders were homogeneous and had the better layered structure than the bare one.Sn-doped and Ge-doped improved high rate discharge capacity and cycle-life performance.The reason of the better cycling performance of the doped one was the increasing of lithium-ion diffusion rate and charge transfer rate.Sn-doped and Ge-doped also improved the mateials thermal stability.     

稀土贵金属材料研究进展

本文总结了贵金属材料应用中存在的关键问题,综述了近年来国内外稀土贵金属材料研究领域中的主要进展。从净化、细化和微合金化的角度,分析了稀土在贵金属中的作用机理。根据稀土在不同贵金属中的作用特性,讨论了在我国开展新型稀土贵金属材料研究,提高稀土附加值,满足工业增长需求的可行性和紧迫性。     

制动摩擦材料的摩擦性能评价

目前我国虽已有测定制动摩擦材料的摩擦性能（摩擦因数、摩擦稳定性和磨损率）并定性判断是否合格的方法,但无法在合格的制动摩擦材料中定量比较哪个摩擦材料的摩擦性能更好．为此,建立了3个可用于制动摩擦材料摩擦性能的评价模型和计算方法：灰色相关度分析;模糊综合评价;可拓评价．     

DOP与CPE的含量对BaSO4填充聚氯乙烯基隔音复合材料性能的影响

将邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)与氯化聚乙烯(CPE)按照不同的质量份数加入到BaSO4填充聚氯乙烯基(PVC)隔音复合材料中,探讨DOP与CPE的含量对BaSO4填充聚氯乙烯基隔音复合材料隔声性能的影响,利用BSWA VS302USB双通道声学分析仪,万能材料试验机,动态热机械分析仪测试了材料的隔声性能,力学性能,阻尼性能。结果显示:当PVC相对质量为100份,DOP为50份,CPE为20份时对低频具有较好的隔声性能,当DOP相对质量为80份,CPE为20份时对中频具有较好的隔声性能,对高频影响较小。     

“三性”实验在高分子材料专业实验教学中的探索

以"三性"实验的教学方针为指导,对高分子材料专业实验课程的教法进行了富有成效的探索,促进了高分子类"三性"实验教学体系的深化改革,使实验内容安排的重心转移到培养学生的工程实践与动手能力、创新设计和综合设计能力之上。在提高学生实验兴趣,培养学生的实践动手能力和创新设计能力方面,取得了良好的效果。     

Preparation of high-quality ultrathin transmission electron microscopy specimens of a nanocrystalline metallic powder

This article explores the achievable transmission electron microscopy specimen thickness and quality by using three different preparation methods in the case of a high-strength nanocrystalline Cu-Nb powder alloy. Low specimen thickness is essential for spatially resolved analyses of the grains in nanocrystalline materials. We have found that single-sided as well as double-sided low-angle Ar ion milling of the Cu-Nb powders embedded into epoxy resin produced wedge-shaped particles of very low thickness (<10 nm) near the edge. By means of a modified focused ion beam lift-out technique generating holes in the lamella interior large micrometer-sized electron-transparent regions were obtained. However, this lamella displayed a higher thickness at the rim of ≥30 nm. Limiting factors for the observed thicknesses are discussed including ion damage depths, backscattering, and surface roughness, which depend on ion type, energy, current density, and specimen motion. Finally, sections cut by ultramicrotomy at low stroke rate and low set thickness offered vast, several tens of square micrometers uniformly thin regions of ～10-nm minimum thickness. As major drawbacks, we have detected a thin coating on the sections consisting of epoxy deployed as the embedding material and considerable nanoscale thickness variations.     

Experimental study on the package of high-g accelerometer

In this paper, the effect of the package die adhesive and package shell on the performances of silicon based MEMS high-g accelerometers was reported. Using Raman spectroscopy, the residual stress caused by different package die adhesive thickness and different package shell material was characterized. It can be concluded from the testing results that: with thicker die adhesive, the residual stress increment was much smaller; the piezoresistance variation caused by this residual stress was much smaller; and the temperature shift of the output voltage was much smaller. Comparing with the ceramic package, the stainless steel package has bigger sensitivity and bigger anti-overload ability.     

Trunk kinematics of one-handed lifting,and the effects of asymmetry and load weight

Abstract

This study investigated trunk kinematic differences between lifts performed using either one hand (unsupported) or two hands. These effects were studied while beginning the lifts from different asymmetric starting positions and while lifting different load weights. Each subject lifted a box from a lower to an upper platform under one- and two-handed lifting conditions. Subjects wore a lumbar spine electrogoniometer, from which relative motion components were calculated in the trunk's three cardinal planes. Results of this study showed that one-handed lifting resulted in significantly higher ranges of motion in the lateral and transverse planes and greater flexion in the sagittal plane. Back motion characteristics previously found to be associated with low back disorders were all significantly higher for one-handed lifts. The two-handed lift technique, on the other hand, produced overall faster trunk motions in the sagittal plane and equal or larger acceleration and deceleration magnitudes in all planes of motion. Increases in load asymmetry affected trunk kinematics, in that magnitude values for range of motion, velocity and acceleration became much greater with increasingly asymmetric load positions. Increasing the load weight appeared to have less of an effect on trunk kinematics, with increases in position mostly occurring during sagittal and lateral bending. These results suggest that unsupported one-handed lifting loads the spine more than two-handed lifts, due to the added coupling. Applying these results to a previously developed model, one-handed lifting was also found to increase one's risk of suffering a low back disorder.